Suplementação de zinco para cocleovestibulopatias: sinopse baseada em evidências / Zinc supplementation for cochleovestibulopathies: evidence-based synopsis

Contexto: O zinco é um elemento-traço que age no sistema auditivo, atuando em sinapses auditivas e na cóclea, sobretudo junto à enzima superóxido dismutase. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da suplementação de zinco para o tratamento de cocleovestibulopatias. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de sinopse baseada em evidências. Procedeu-se à busca por estudos que associavam zinco à perda auditiva, tontura e zumbido em três bases eletrônicas de dados: Cochrane - Central de Registros de Ensaios Clínicos - CENTRAL (2022), PubMed (1966- 2022) e Portal BVS (1982-2022). Dois pesquisadores independentemente extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade dos estudos para a síntese. Os desfechos de análise envolveram melhora de perda auditiva, tontura e zumbido. Resultados: Foram encontrados 231 estudos. Cinco estudos (quatro ensaios clínicos randomizados e uma revisão sistemática) envolvendo um total de 249 pacientes. Discussão: A literatura mundial apresenta poucos estudos relacionando zinco e cocleovestibulopatias. A maioria trata-se de estudos in vitro ou de experimentação animal. Os estudos em humanos são ensaios clínicos de baixa amostragem e elevada heterogeneidade, que avaliaram melhora de perda auditiva e melhora de zumbido. Nenhum estudo avaliou melhora da tontura. O nível de evidência é muito baixo e não permite, nesse momento, aferir a efetividade do zinco para tratamento de cocleovestibulopatias em humanos, sendo sua utilização clínica baseada na experiência de cada profissional. Conclusões: Não há evidência de efetividade da suplementação de zinco no tratamento de cocleovestibulopatias, sendo recomendada a realização de novos estudos de boa qualidade metodológica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Zinco, perda auditiva, tontura, zumbido, prática clínica baseada em evidências

Betahistine alleviates benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) through inducing production of multiple CTRP family members and activating the ERK1/2-AKT/PPARy pathway

BACKGROUND: Betahistine is a clinical medication for the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Otolin, a secreted glycoprotein with a C-terminal globular domain homologous to the immune complement C1q, has been identified as a biomarker for BPPV. However, the role of complement C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) with a C-terminal globular domain in BPPV is unclear, so we explored the change of CTRPs in betahistine treated BPPV. METHODS: We treated BPPV patients with Betahistine (12 mg/time, 3 times/day) for 4 weeks and observed the clinical efficacy and the expression of CTRP family members in BPPV patients. Then, we constructed a vertigo mice model of vestibular dysfunction with gentamicin (150 mg/Kg) and a BPPV model of Slc26a4loop/loop mutant mice. Adenoviral vectors for CTRP expression vector and small interfering RNA were injected via the intratympanic injection into mice and detected the expression of CTRP family members, phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT and the expression of PPARγ. In addition, we treated mice of vestibular dysfunction with Betahistine (10 mg/Kg) and/or ERK inhibitor of SCH772984 (12 mg/Kg) and/or and PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (1 mg/Kg) for 15 days, and evaluated the accuracy of air righting reflex, the time of contact righting reflex and the scores of head tilt and swimming behavior. RESULTS: After treatment with Betahistine, the residual dizziness duration and the score of the evaluation were reduced, and the expression of CTRP1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 were significantly increased in BPPV patients. We also found that Betahistine improved the accuracy of air righting reflex, reduced the time of contact righting reflex and the scores of head tilt and swimming behavior in gentamicin-treated mice and Slc26a4loop/loop mutant mice. The expression levels of CTRP1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT, and PPARγ expression were significantly increased, and the scores of head tilt and swimming behavior were decreased in vestibular dysfunction mice with overexpression of CTRPs. Silencing CTRPs has the opposite effect. SCH772984 reversed the effect of Betahistine in mice with vestibular dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Betahistine alleviates BPPV through inducing production of multiple CTRP family members and activating the ERK1/2-AKT/PPARy pathway.

A prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of compound analgesia in ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment of post-burn hypertrophic scars in children / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of compound analgesia on ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser (UFCL) treatment of post-burn hypertrophic s in children. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. From April 2018 to March 2020, 169 pediatric patients with post-burn hypertrophic s admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were randomly divided into general anesthesia alone group (39 cases, 19 males and 20 females, aged 35 (21, 48) months), general anesthesia+lidocaine group (41 cases, 23 males and 18 females, aged 42 (22, 68) months), general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (41 cases, 25 males and 16 females, aged 38 (26, 52) months), and three-drug combination group with general anesthesia + lidocaine+ibuprofen suppository (48 cases, 25 males and 23 females, aged 42 (25, 60) months), and the pediatric patients in each group were treated with corresponding analgesic regimens when UFCL was used to treat s, and the pediatric patients were given comprehensive care throughout the treatment process. The pain degree of pediatric patients scar was evaluated by facial expression,legs,activity,cry,and consolability (FLACC) of children's pain behavior scale at 0 (immediately), 1, 2, and 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, respectively. At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia of postoperative pain assessment, the self-made analgesia satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the satisfaction for the analgesic effect of the pediatric patients or their families, and the satisfaction rate was calculated. Within 2 h after the first operation, the occurrences of adverse reactions of the pediatric patients, such as nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, etc, were observed and recorded. Before the first treatment and 1 month after the last treatment, the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the pediatric patients scar, and the difference value between the two was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with least significant difference test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test. Results: At 0 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of pediatric patients in general anesthesia+lidocaine group, general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group (P<0.01). The FLACC scores of the pediatric patients in anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01), and the FLACC score of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (P<0.01). At 1 and 2 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of pediatric patients in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were both significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group and general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01), and the FLACC score of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (P<0.01). At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of the pediatric patients in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group and general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01). At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the satisfactions rate with the analgesic effect in the four groups of pediatric patients or their families were 79.49% (31/39), 85.37% (35/41), 87.80% (36/41), and 97.92% (47/48), respectively. The satisfaction rate of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly higher than those in general anesthesia alone group, general anesthesia+lidocaine group, general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group. Within 2 h after the first operation, there was no significant difference in the overall comparison of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness of pediatric patients among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The VSS scores of pediatric patients before the first treatment, 1 month after the last treatment, and and the difference value between the two in the 4 groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions: Three-drug combination for analgesia has a good effect in the treatment of hypertrophic scars after burn in pediatric patients with UFCL. Pediatric patients or their families are highly satisfied with the effect, and the treatment effect and incidence of adverse reactions are similar to other analgesic regimens, so it is recommended to be promoted in clinical practice.

Clinical characteristics of patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness / Caracterização clínica dos pacientes com tontura postural-perceptual persistente (TPPP)

INTRODUCTION: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness is the dizziness that lasts for over three months with no clinical explanation for its persistence. The patient's motor response pattern presents changes and most patients manifest significant anxiety. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with persistent postural and perceptual dizziness. METHODS: statistical analysis of clinical aspects of patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. RESULTS: 81 patients, average age: 50.06 ± 12.16 years; female/male ratio: 5.7/1; main reasons for dizziness: visual stimuli (74%), body movements (52%), and sleep deprivation (38%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypercholesterolemia (31%), migraine headaches (26%), carbohydrate metabolism disorders (22%) and cervical syndrome (21%). DHI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait, Beck Depression Inventory, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires were statistically different (p < 0.05) when compared to controls. 68% demonstrated clinical improvement after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness affects more women than men, with a high associated prevalence of metabolic disorders and migraine. Questionnaires help to identify the predisposition to persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. The prognosis is good with adequate treatment. .

INTRODUÇÃO: A denominação tontura postural-perceptual persistente (TPPP) é atribuida à tontura que se mantém por mais de 3 meses em pacientes, sem que exista justificativa clínica para a sua persistência. A maioria dos pacientes possui perfil ansioso ou experimenta alto grau de ansiedade no início dos sintomas. O padrão de resposta motora apresenta-se alterado, com hipervigilância e hipersensibilidade a estímulos visuais e de movimento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características clínicas de pacientes com diagnóstico de TPPP. MÉTODO: Análise dos aspectos clínicos de pacientes do ambulatório de TPPP e quantificação do perfil ansioso ou depressivo. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 81 pacientes, com média de idade de 50,06 ± 12,16 anos; relação mulher/homem de 5,7/1; principais gatilhos para tontura: estímulos visuais (74%), movimentos corporais (52%) e privação de sono (38%). As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram hipercolesterolemia (31%), migrânea (26%), distúrbios do metabolismo do açúcar (22%) e síndrome cervical (21%). Os questionários DHI, STAI-Traço, Beck para depressão e HADS foram estatisticamente diferentes (P < 0,05) entre pacientes e controles. 68% de melhora clínica com o uso de inibidores da recaptação da serotonina. CONCLUSÃO: TPPP acomete principalmente as mulheres, sendo alta a associação com distúrbios metabólicos e migrânea. Os questionários auxiliam na identificação da predisposição à TPPP. Há bom prognóstico com o tratamento adequado. .

Imipramine for vestibular dysfunction in panic disorder: a prospective case series / Imipramina para disfunção vestibular em transtorno do pânico: uma série de casos prospectiva

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of imipramine on the treatment of comorbid chronic dizziness and panic disorder. METHOD: Nine patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia associated with chronic dizziness underwent otoneurological screening and were treated with a 3-months course of imipramine. Anxiety levels were measured with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), dizziness levels were evaluated using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and panic severity and treatment outcome were assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). RESULTS: At the baseline 33.3 percent (n=3) had a bilateral peripheral deficit vestibulopathy, the mean scores for HAM-A were 27.2±10.4, for DHI were 51.7±22.7, and for CGI-S were 4.8±0.9. All patients had a significant reduction in their HAM-A (11.1±5.5, p=0.008), DHI (11.5±8.1, p=0.008) and CGI-I (1.8±0.7, p=0.011) levels after 3-months imipramine treatment (mean=72.2±23.2 mg/day). CONCLUSION: This study found a decrease in anxiety levels and in the impact of dizziness in the patients' quality of life after a 3-months treatment course with imipramine.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e efetividade da imipramina no tratamento da tontura crônica e do transtorno de pânico comórbidos. MÉTODO: Nove pacientes com transtorno do pânico e agorafobia associada com tontura crônica foram submetidos à avaliação otoneurológica e tratados durante 3 meses com imipramina. Os níveis de ansiedade foram medidos através da Escala Hamilton de Ansiedade (HAM-A); os de tontura foram avaliados usando o Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), e a gravidade do pânico e sua resposta pela Escala de Impressão Clínica Global (CGI). RESULTADOS: Na avaliação inicial, 33,3 por cento (n=3) da amostra apresentavam vestibulopatia periférica deficitária bilateral; as médias foram: da HAM-A 27,2±10,4, do DHI 51,7±22,7 e do CGI-S 4,8±0,9. Todos tiveram uma redução significativa nos escores de HAM-A (11,1±5,5, p=0,008), DHI (11,5±8,1, p=0,008) e CGI-I (1,8±0,7, p=0,011), após 3 meses de tratamento com imipramina (média=72,2±23,2 mg/dia). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo encontrou uma diminuição dos níveis de ansiedade e do impacto da tontura na qualidade de vida dos pacientes após um curso de 3 meses de tratamento com imipramina.

Cinarizina e as labirintopatias / Cinnarizine and labyrinth diseases

Uma revisäo dos resultados de vßrios estudos clÝnicos com a cinarizina no tratamento de diversos distúrbios vestibulares Ú apresentada. De acordo com estes resultados clÝnicos, o uso adequado de cinarizina Ú um procedimento terapÛutico seguro e muito eficaz na remissÒo da vertigem e outros tipos de tontura de variada etiologia e de origem vestibular perifÚrica ou central.